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March 15, 2024

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Edwin Ong

2024.03.06

翻译:田头草

在硅谷,极少有人能像 Y Combinator 的总裁兼首席执行官 Garry Tan (陈嘉兴) 那样高调。Garry在其辉煌的职业生涯中担任过许多不同的职务。

除了领导世界上最成功的创业加速器(Y Combinator) 之外,Garry 是 Palantir (帕浪)的第 10 名员工,共同创立了 Posterous(最早的博客网站之一),创立了 Initialized Capital(管理规模超过 32 亿 美元的风险投资基金),甚至还由投资而步入政界,成为旧金山当地政治的杰出活动家。

(译者注;Palantir 帕浪公司基本上没有中文的介绍,帕浪服务的用户牛气冲天)

(译者注:Posterous 被Twitter 于2012 年收购)

我有幸有机会了解Garry 的亚裔身份如何影响他的生活,我希望他的答案能够帮助和启发我们的读者。言归正传:

一、克服有害的心态

1. 因稀缺环境而诱发稀缺的粘性心态

Ong: 

我的经验是,工薪阶级父母(尤其是亚洲移民)的孩子往往有一种因稀缺环境而诱发稀缺的粘性心态——即使他们的社会经济地位已经有所提高。加里此前曾谈到过他的“价值 2 亿美元的错误”。也就是说,他拒绝了 Peter Thiel 成为 Palantir 创始成员的邀请。对我来说,这似乎是这种心态的体现,所以我问Garry他是如何克服的:

(译者注:Peter Thiel,“奇葩的牛人,自由穿梭于法律、金融、投资及创业之间。”)

(译者注:当时Garry 是微软高薪稳定的员工)。

Tan: 

我能够意识到这些东西是双向门。以良好的条件退出一家大型科技公司实际上意味着你可以随时回去。有单向门和双向门之分。

对于与我们一样环境长大的人来说,一切都感觉像是一扇单向门。但如果你什么时候能意识到这是错误的,那么你就改造了那些有钱人默认拥有的一些特权。

Ong: 

亚马逊创始人杰夫·贝索斯(Jeff Bezos)多次谈论单向门与双向门框架。你可以在这里听到他更深入的阐述。https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=VFwCGECvq4I&ab_channel=LexClips

(译者注:单向门VS双向门,贝佐斯认为决策有两种。一种决策是单向门(one-way door),不可逆转而且非常重要。另一种决策是双向门(two-way door),90%以上的决策都属于此。也就是说,可以制定决策并执行,一旦事实证明决策错误,马上可以推倒重来,损失不大。)

2. 亚裔社区对心理健康的耻辱感

Ong: 

亚裔社区对心理健康的耻辱感,是另一种越来越受到关注的心态。就我个人而言,因为我的移民父母为了生存而拼尽全力,我觉得我没有权利抱怨我的心理健康,因为我的生活相对安逸。我问Garry这是否引起他的共鸣以及他如何克服这种心理障碍:

Tan: 

我假装自己没有任何问题,花了很多时间试图融入其中。但最终,有关我童年的事情或不寻常的留下创伤的反应,会在我的职业生活中突然出现。在某个时候,我开始单独接受治疗,这对我帮助很大。

所有这些我无法控制的事情突然变成了我可以整合和意识到的事情,并做出更好的选择。卡尔·荣格说:你未觉察到的潜意识决定着你的人生,你却将其称之为“命运”。(译者注:荣格是瑞士心理学家、精神科医师,分析心理学的创始人。)

3. 第三种常见心态是低着头,避免搅局

Ong:

我在亚裔美国人中看到的第三种常见心态是低着头,避免搅局,即使这意味着抑制自己的想法。鉴于Garry是一个非常直言不讳的人,我问他是如何培养自信的:

Tan:

我记得在高中时,我是校报的编辑,注意到我们在比较贫困高中的学生因为同样的违规行为而受到严厉的判决和开除,而在富人区的学校则仅会受到不痛不痒的轻罚。我对此非常生气,我写了一篇文章揭露它,但被我的高中指导报纸的老师审查(没过)了。我已经快毕业,并已被斯坦福大学录取了,所以我就顺其自然了。

但在我内心深处,有一种对被压制的愤怒,我永远不会忘记。

在出报纸之前,我会使用 Pagemaker (译者注:一款页面排版软件)出版“地下”报纸,而我的英语老师会为班级复印报纸 – 这给了我一种我永远不会忘记的力量。因为否则我就是角落里骨瘦如柴的亚洲书呆子,但是当我可以传达我社区的声音,我有了立足点。我从未忘记过这一点。

二、关于亚裔社区

Ong:

关于社区的话题,我问Garry 是什么促使他成为亚裔社区的积极倡导者:

Tan: 

我对旧金山的亚裔美国人社区有强烈的团结感。我们是这座城市的重要组成部分,但我们却没有被看到。我们没有被听到。

当地领导人甚至会诋毁我们为确保亚裔美国长辈安全所做的努力。现在我知道我需要为那些没有发言权的人而战。

我发现的最酷的事情之一是一个名为“亲爱的社区”的非营利组织,它将刚新到旧金山的亚裔美国人(通常是年轻的专业人​​士)以及传统的旧金山唐人街社区联系起来。看到聪明的人们聚集在一起,为这座城市的人民而战,真是太棒了。

(译者注:了解旧金山的严重的社会现状的读者,就能更深入理解Garry 的这段话)。

Ong:

我还提到他最近去新加坡参加一个名为SWITCH的创业活动,并问他对亚洲国家涌现的创业场景有何感想:

Tan:

初创公司正在世界各地涌现。您可以从 YouTube 和网络上学习。 YC 校友遍布世界各地。我很高兴看到从湾区开始的事情现在已经成为一种全球现象,而且还在不断增长。

三、亚裔创始人经验

Ong:

在朋友的建议下,我问Garry:“我可以向哪些非技术性的亚洲创始人榜样学习?对于在初创公司作为非技术员工而言,最有价值去学习的技能是什么?” Garry的回答有点挑战了我问题的前提:

Tan:

在初创公司和技术领域,技术是关键优势。如果可以的话,请更重于科技。然后成为一名博学者:科技人员掌握软技能比反过来要容易得多。

Ong:

事后看来,我承认,如果你不愿意付出努力来成为技术人才,那么期望在科技行业获得优异成果似乎很愚蠢。他给我上了一课。

四、如何看待自己的亚裔身份

Ong:

最后,我问了Garry,和我问所有受访人的问题一样——作为创始人,他如何看待自己的亚裔身份:

Tan:

直到很晚我才想到这一点。坦白说,我试图假装这不是问题,虽然绝对存在“竹制天花板”- 既使对我来说。我没有获得晋升和/或人们认为我没有能力做我所做的事情。我会愤怒地辞掉工作,这是解决问题的一种方式,但我看到事情可以有不同的解决方式。

作为一名创始人,我发现我需要提高自己畅所欲言的能力,尤其是当我知道自己绝对正确时,要尽可能自信。

我有一种隐而不发的心理,我甚至没有意识到这是为了和谐。在没有意识到的情况下,我有时会自我放弃,然后又被动地攻击它。我不再这样做了,这是我作为领导者发展的关键一步。我希望我早点发展这种能力,这都是因为我童年时无意识的编程。

(译者注:Garry 在 14 岁时开始编程,他通过制作网页和网站的互联网部分获得每小时 7 美元的报酬。这笔收入帮助他的父母支付了买房的第一笔首付。)

Ong:

我从这次采访中得到的最大收益是,“永远正确、直言不讳”的 Garry Tan 并不总是如此,而且在某一时刻,他非常像典型的亚裔孩子。Garry 的故事证明,只要有自我意识和决心,任何人都可以实现巨大的成长并成为行业领导者。

呼吁

Ong:

如果您有一个雄心勃勃的创业想法,并希望成为一个令人惊叹的创始人社区的一部分,请申请 Y Combinator! Y Combinator 每年运行两次批次——冬季和夏季。 

2024年夏季批次的申请已开放,您可以通过 https://www.ycombinator.com/apply 进行申请

感谢Garry 接受采访!

照片来源:Y Combinator

英文采访链接

Garry Tan on Startups, Advocacy, and Overcoming Cultural Mindsets

附:福布斯中国对陈嘉兴的介绍

https://www.forbeschina.com/billionaires/61673

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Midjourney works within the Discord platform. Discord is an instant messaging app, commonly used to create communities where users can chat via text, voice, and video. Discord essentially facilitates communication between the user and the Midjourney bot.

Midjourney uses two key machine learning technologies:

  • Large Language Models (LLM): this is how Midjourney understands and interprets the text prompts provided by the user.
  • Diffusion Models (DM): in very simple terms, this technology converts random visual noise into a meaningful image. You enter a text prompt, which sparks a field of visual noise. The AI then progressively removes that noise in incremental steps, eventually resulting in an image that resembles what you’ve asked for. 

Now we know what Midjourney is and how it works, let’s drill down to some key functions and features. 

What can Midjourney AI do? Key features

Midjourney’s core function is to convert text prompts into images. This allows you to generate unique digital artworks and graphics in a range of styles. 

You can guide the image generation process by applying custom parameters to your prompts. You might specify a certain aspect ratio, for example, or a particular style such as ‘watercolour’ or ‘flat design’. 

You can also customise the quality of your images by specifying, within your prompt, a value for the rendering quality. You might specify ‘q 1’ (that’s the default quality level) or request that images be rendered to a higher quality by specifying ‘q 2’ in your prompt. 

Once you’ve entered your prompt, Midjourney will give you four different image versions. You can choose to upscale a particular version, which will increase the size/dimensions of the image and also improve the quality. 

Beyond image generation, Midjourney serves as a great source of community and inspiration. You can share your creations and browse images created by others, allowing you to see what’s possible with Midjourney and sparking ideas for your own work. 

How to get set up on Midjourney AI

To use Midjourney AI, you’ll need to create both a Discord account and a Midjourney account. 

If you’re not already a member, first head over to the Discord platform and follow the instructions to create your account. Once you’re signed up, join the official Midjourney Discord server by clicking the ‘Accept invite’ button. 

You’ll then find yourself in the “Getting started” channel, where you can create your Midjourney account (if you haven’t already done so) by clicking “Get your Midjourney membership” (visible in the chat):

This will take you to a separate page, the Midjourney showcase, where you can click “Sign up” in the bottom left corner to create your Midjourney account. 

Once you’re signed up and logged in to Midjourney, you can navigate back to the Midjourney Discord server and enter one of the so-called “newbie” bot channels. You’ll find available newbie channels on the left-hand side.

You can then enter your own prompts into the chat box to start generating images. 

At the time of writing, Midjourney is no longer offering a free trial for new users. If you want to start prompting, you’ll need to sign up for a paid subscription. 

How much does Midjourney AI cost?

Midjourney offers four price tiers:

  • Basic Plan for $10 per month or $96 per year with an annual subscription (that’s around €9 per month / €89 per year)
  • Standard Plan for $30 per month or $288 per year with an annual subscription (that’s around €28 per month / €267 per year)
  • Pro Plan for $60 per month or $576 per year with an annual subscription (that’s around €55 per month / €533 per year)
  • Mega Plan for $120 per month or $1,152 per year with an annual subscription (that’s around €111 per month / €1,066 per year). 

For more information about each price tier and what’s included, visit the official Midjourney pricing page.

How to use Midjourney AI in UI design (with example prompts)

Midjourney can generate custom visuals in a matter of seconds—making it an incredibly interesting tool for UI designers. You can use Midjourney to quickly create screens and individual UI components, come up with themes, styles, and colour palettes, and generate unique digital artwork. 

Note, however, that the graphics you create with Midjourney won’t necessarily be directly usable—and working with Midjourney doesn’t eliminate the need to create your own screens and elements using the usual UI tools like Sketch and Figma. If you generate an app screen with Midjourney, for example, you’ll still need to actually create that screen from scratch yourself. 

Where Midjourney really comes in useful is helping you to explore different ideas and concepts and gather inspiration. You might use your AI-generated artwork to inspire mood boards, kick-start an ideation session, or serve as a guide for certain layouts or colour schemes. 

With that, let’s consider some examples of how to use Midjourney for UI design. 

Use Midjourney AI to generate app screens 

If you’re designing for mobile, Midjourney can help you ideate layouts and designs for various app screens. If you’re designing a dating app, for example, you might try the following Midjourney prompts:

  • /imagine a vibrant and fun login screen for a dating app, with an eye-catching background, username and password fields, and buttons for login and social media sign-ins
  • /imagine a user profile screen for a dating app, featuring a large profile picture at the top, user bio, interests, and match percentage displayed in a clean layout
  • /imagine a match screen for a dating app, showing potential matches with profile pictures, a brief bio, and buttons to like, dislike, or super like
  • /imagine a chat screen for a dating app with a clean interface, message bubbles, timestamps, and an input field at the bottom

Create UI components such as icons, buttons, and logos 

Perhaps you want inspiration for the finer details of your app or website. In that case, try using Midjourney AI to create individual UI components such as icons, buttons, and logos. Here are some prompt examples to guide you:

  • /imagine a set of modern buttons for a mobile app, including primary, secondary, and disabled states, using a black and white colour scheme
  • /imagine a collection of minimalist icons for a mobile app, including icons for home, search, messages, settings, and notifications
  • /imagine a sleek and modern logo for a dating app, incorporating elements of connection and love, with a vibrant colour scheme

Generate theme and style concepts 

In the early stages of the design process, you might focus on coming up with an overall visual style for your website or app—and Midjourney can help with this, too. Specify your vision or initial ideas and let Midjourney bring them to life. 

Consider the following prompt examples:

  • /imagine a light mode theme for a productivity app, featuring white backgrounds, soft grey UI elements, and navy blue highlights
  • /imagine a dark mode theme for a music app, with black backgrounds, dark grey UI elements, and neon pink highlights
  • /imagine a vibrant and colourful theme for a creative design app, with bold colours like orange, pink, and teal, playful typography, and dynamic UI elements

Create custom website imagery 

Imagery plays an important role in UI design, helping to reinforce brand identity and enhance the visual appeal of your website or app. 

Whether you want to create cartoon-style illustrations, abstract artwork, or realistic images of products, places, or people, Midjourney can generate custom imagery that reflects your brand and vision. 

Here are some examples of how you might prompt Midjourney to generate images for different use cases:

  • /imagine a stunning hero image for a tech startup website, featuring abstract technology elements and a modern cityscape in the background
  • /imagine a set of custom illustrations for a health and wellness website, featuring people doing yoga, eating healthy, and meditating
  • /imagine a unique background image for a creative agency website, with abstract shapes and vibrant colours

Generate colour palettes 

Perhaps you want help coming up with the perfect colour palette, or you’ve already got a colour scheme in mind and want to see how it looks in practice. Again, Midjourney is an excellent source of inspiration here. Simply specify the kind of look and feel you’re aiming for and Midjourney can generate multiple colour palettes accordingly.

Consider the following prompt examples to guide you:

  • /imagine a pastel colour palette for a wellness app, featuring soft shades of mint green, blush pink, lavender, and light grey
  • /imagine a bold, split-complementary colour palette for a fitness app, comprising three colours
  • /imagine a monochromatic colour palette for a finance app

How to write effective prompts for Midjourney AI

As with all generative AI tools, the quality of the output depends on the quality of the input. In other words, it’s up to you to tell the AI what you want—and to master the art of prompt-writing for the specific tool you’re using. 

Here are some tips to help you write effective prompts for Midjourney AI:

  • Start each prompt with the /imagine command, followed by a description of what you want the AI to create.
  • Keep it simple and specific. To quote the official Midjourney guidelines for prompt-writing: “The Midjourney Bot works best with simple short phrases that describe what you want to see. Avoid long lists of requests and instructions.”
  • Specify what you want the image to include, rather than what you don’t want it to include. Even if you specify “no flowers” in your prompt, the AI will likely only focus on the word “flowers” and therefore create an image that does indeed contain flowers. If you absolutely want to exclude something from the image, use the “no” parameter. For example: – – no flowers.
  • If necessary, specify your desired aspect ratio using the following parameter: – – ar [value]. If you wanted to generate an app screen, you could specify – – ar 16:9.
  • Use the stylize parameter to control the level of artistic flair that Midjourney injects into each image. If you imagine that the default level, 2500, gives you a medium level of stylization, you can dial it up or down by specifying values higher or lower than 2500. If you wanted to generate an image of a garden that’s more realistic than artistic, you might specify – – stylize 500. If you wanted to create an image of a garden that looks magical and fantastical, you might specify – – stylize 3500.
  • Use the quality parameter to adjust the level of quality and detail in the image. – – q 1 is the default, so work from that value to dial the quality up or down. 

Most importantly, be prepared to experiment. The more you use Midjourney, the more intuitive the art of prompt-writing will become. You’ll start to get a feel for what works and see how different words, phrases, and parameters influence the output. 

Ethical considerations when using Midjourney AI

If you’re using Midjourney AI (or indeed any AI tools) throughout the design process, you must take care to use it responsibly. Here are some of the most important ethical considerations to bear in mind.

Intellectual property and copyright

When generating images with AI, be careful about replicating existing images or artworks created by other artists or designers. You might use a famous logo for inspiration, for example, but you wouldn’t want to emulate the style too closely to the point of copying. 

Deceptive and misleading content

This is like the visual equivalent of fake news—creating image-based content that deliberately deceives, misleads, manipulates, or spreads misinformation. Don’t do it!

Stereotypes and bias

It’s well-documented that AI can and does perpetuate harmful stereotypes and biases. As a human user, you must be diligent about actively looking out for such biases and taking steps to mitigate them.

Strive to generate images that are inclusive and representative of diverse groups. If you generate an image that doesn’t feel inclusive or could potentially exclude or harm certain people, don’t use it. You can learn more about the importance of designing inclusive content in this guide. 

As a general rule: always review AI-generated content with a critical eye, and use your better judgement. As a human user, it’s your responsibility to consider the impact of any content you create—and to ultimately decide what makes it into the public domain. 

The takeaway

Midjourney AI can generate custom images in seconds, making it an excellent tool for gathering inspiration, sparking your own creativity, and ideating and exploring different design concepts, layouts, and styles. 

Whether you use it to generate fully-fledged app screens, individual UI elements, impressive artworks, or colour palettes: Midjourney AI is a powerful addition to your UI design toolkit. 

Ready to get started with Midjourney AI? Experiment with different prompts and use cases, explore other Midjourney users’ creations, and be mindful of the ethical considerations we’ve laid out in this guide. You’ll soon be generating images like a pro! 

What is UX

Design

What is UX design?

What does UX stand for? Learn more about what UX means, why it’s so important and what defines good UX.

“UX” stands for “user experience.” It describes the quality of the experience an end user has with a specific product, service, company or brand.

Although it’s often talked about in relation to digital products, like apps and websites, UX can relate to anything that an end user can interact with or encounter.

Take the example of going into your local bank to open a new account. If the process is quick and simple with clear instructions, easy-to-find information and friendly customer service, you’d come away feeling like you had a good user experience.

The same goes for ordering something online or using an app on your phone. If you’re able to accomplish your desired tasks with minimal effort, you’ll find the user experience to be a pleasant one.

UX doesn’t relate to one specific thing. It’s the sum of all the smaller parts that determines whether the overall encounter between the product/service and the user is a positive one. You can think of it as the impression the user leaves with and whether or not they’d be keen to repeat the experience. To learn more, keep reading.

What is user experience (UX) design?

If UX describes the quality of a user’s encounter with a particular product or service, UX design is the process of creating and shaping these experiences, with the goal of making them positive, pleasant and valuable for the end user.

UX design isn’t about how a product looks; that’s just one aspect of the overall user experience. It’s about ensuring that the product is logical, functional, easy to navigate and generally user-friendly.

There are 5 elements of UX design to consider:

  1. Strategy: Deciding which objectives the product should meet, including both end user goals and client/business stakeholder objectives.
  2. Scope: Fleshing out the details of the product, determining which features and functionality it should offer.
  3. Structure: Mapping out the structure of the product, considering how users will navigate from one point to the next and what information they’ll need to move around the product and accomplish their goals.
  4. Skeleton: Drilling down to the finer details of how each page should be structured and which elements (buttons, menus and other content) will go where.
  5. Surface: Considering the user’s sensory experience of the product, defining how the product will look in terms of colors, imagery, spacing, typography and so on. This is where UI design comes in.

Where does the term “UX” come from?

The term “UX” was invented by Donald Norman, a cognitive psychologist who started working at Apple in the early 1990s. He took on the role of User Experience Architect, making him the first (known) person in history to have UX in their job title.

Explaining the origins of UX, Donald Norman said:

“I invented the term because I thought human interface and usability were too narrow. I wanted to cover all aspects of the person’s experience with a system, including industrial design, graphics, the interface, the physical interaction and the manual.”

What is the difference between UX and UI?

If you’ve heard of UX, you’ve probably also heard of UI. The terms are often used together but it’s important to be clear on the difference between them.

UX is a much broader term, covering everything that influences how a user feels when they use a product or service. It’s a comprehensive discipline that involves research, analysis, and understanding user needs. 

UI stands for “user interface”, which is the point of interaction between an end user and a digital product. It’s a more narrow discipline that involves the visual design of the screens, buttons and other touchpoints you might use to navigate an app or a website. 

The way the user interface (UI) is designed has an impact on the overall user experience, so UI is an important part of UX.

UXUI
Stands for “user experience”Stands for “user interface”
A broad disciplineA narrow discipline
Involves the quality of the experience as a wholeInvolves the design of the user interface
Concerned with research, analysis, and understanding user needsConcerned with visual design

You can learn more about the difference between the two, as well as how they go hand-in-hand, in this guide to UX vs. UI.

Why is UX important?

UX is important for two reasons: business value and human value. Let’s look at both.

The business value of UX design

If you have a positive experience with a product or service, you’re more likely to use it again and become a loyal customer. You might even recommend it to friends and family. That’s great for the brand reputation, which ultimately determines whether or not the product or service is successful and profitable.

On the flip side, a negative user experience leaves a bad impression of the product, service or brand. If it’s less than satisfactory, you’ll be inclined to go elsewhere, like a competitor with better UX.

Wherever there are two similar products or services offering the same functionality, the one with the best UX will always win out. UX is therefore crucial for winning and keeping customers, developing a positive brand reputation and, ultimately, for driving profit and business growth.

In sum, the business value of UX design includes:

  • A competitive edge in the market
  • Increased sales and revenue
  • Higher conversion rates
  • Better word-of-mouth marketing
  • A strong brand reputation
  • Improved customer loyalty and retention

We compiled some interesting statistics about the business value of UX, like the fact that 66% of customers are willing to pay more for a great user experience. 

The human value of UX design

In addition to being valuable to businesses, end users also value good UX even if they don’t know it. UX influences whether we enjoy an experience or not and whether products and services are efficient and easy or frustrating and difficult. 

In addition, UX determines whether products are accessible and inclusive for as many users as possible. Whether they are disabled, come from a different place with different needs, or have different requirements, good UX make products and services accessible for all.

What defines good UX? The fundamental principles of UX design

Defining good UX can be tricky. It’s not down to one specific thing. There are seven principles of UX design that all designers should follow. They are:

  • User-centricity — Design products and services in a way that centres the user’s needs and helps to solve their problems.
  • Consistency — This can mean keeping your designs consistent across all pages, screens, and products within the same product family. It can also mean meeting the user’s expectations for the kind of product you’re designing.
  • Hierarchy — This includes putting more important elements in more prominent positions in both a site’s information architecture and in the visual hierarchy. 
  • Context — Consider the circumstances in which your products of services will be used and how that will effect the user experience.
  • User control — Give the user the right amount of control over their interactions with a product, such as being able to reverse or undo errors to a text message without throwing the whole user experience into disarray.
  • Accessibility — Ensure your product or service is accessible to as many users as possible, including people with disabilities or in other environments.
  • Usability — Usability relates to how easy a given product is to use and it’s influenced by things like:
    • Learnability – how easy it is for a user to learn how to use the product for the first time.
    • Efficiency – how quickly and seamlessly the user is able to complete their goals and tasks.
    • Memorability – how easy it is for the user to jump back into the product after not using it for a while.
    • Errors – how many errors does a user typically make when using the product.
    • Satisfaction – how pleasant or enjoyable is the product to use.

What is the UX design process?

The UX design process focuses on identifying and solving a problem for a specific target audience. It includes:

  • Conducting user research to understand who you’re designing the experience for and what problems they need solving.
  • Narrowing it down to one problem and coming up with potential solutions.
  • Designing the chosen solution.
  • Making prototypes to test and validate the design, i.e. to make sure it will actually solve the user’s problem.
  • Developing the prototypes into a fully-fledged product or service which people can use.
  • Continuously improving the product/service (and thus the user experience) based on continuous testing and feedback.